As electric vehicles (EVs) become popular in India, understanding the best practices for maintaining EV batteries is crucial. One type of battery that has gained significant traction is the Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) battery. While these batteries are known for their stability and safety, recent insights suggest that frequently charging them to 100% can reduce their lifespan by serval hundred charging cycles.
The Popularity of LFP Batteries
LFP batteries are favored for their stability, safety, and cost-effectiveness. They are less prone to overheating and catching fire compared to other battery chemistries like Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC) or Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (NCA).
This makes them a preferred choice for many automakers in India to integrate them into modern electric two-wheelers and four-wheelers. In India, popular EVs like the Tata Nexon EV, MG ZS EV, and the upcoming Mahindra eXUV300 are equipped with LFP batteries.
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Expert Insights
Jason Fenske, an engineer and YouTuber, has explored the science behind LFP batteries. According to a study published in The Journal of Electrochemical Society – “The Operation Window of Lithium Iron Phosphate/Graphite Cells Affects Their Lifetime“, constantly charging LFP batteries to 100% can be detrimental to their lifespan.
High-voltage energy storage units utilizing the LFP cathode, such as those found in many Indian electric vehicles, may experience premature degradation if consistently charged to 100% capacity. To maximize their lifespan, it is advised not to keep the EV’s battery at 75 to 100 percent state of charge all the time. Instead, it is recommended to charge to full only occasionally. This information is based on a study conducted in the NMC battery laboratory in Chennai, the same lab where India’s first zinc-gel batteries were produced.
Meanwhile, experts at Ford suggest charging the LFP battery to full at least once a month to keep it working right. If you’re not using it for a long time, keep it about halfway charged.
In India, where EV adoption is on the rise, understanding the basics of battery maintenance is crucial. The Tata Nexon EV, one of the best-selling electric cars in the country, uses LFP batteries.
Following the recommended charging practices can help Indian EV owners maximize their battery life and performance, thereby reducing the rate of depreciation of EVs.
Practical Tips for Indian EV Owners
- Charge to 100% Occasionally: Based on Ford’s recommendation, fully charge your LFP battery at least once a month to maintain accurate BMS readings.
- Avoid Constant Full Charges: Try to keep your battery between 20% and 80% for daily use to prolong its lifespan.
- Store at 50%: If you’re leaving your EV unused for an extended period, ensure the battery is at around 50% charge.
- Monitor Temperature: LFP batteries are sensitive to extreme temperatures. Preconditioning your EV before driving can help manage this, especially in India’s diverse climate.
While LFP batteries offer numerous advantages, including safety and cost-effectiveness, proper charging habits are essential to ensure their longevity. By following above mentioned expert recommendations and understanding the specific needs of LFP batteries, Indian EV owners can enjoy a reliable and efficient driving experience.
Reference:
- The Operation Window of Lithium Iron Phosphate/Graphite Cells Affects their Lifetime, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, Eniko S. Zsoldos, Daphne T. Thompson, William Black, Saad M. Azam, and J. R. Dahn, Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Researchgate.
How often do you charge your EVs up to 100%? Mention in the comments below.